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Search Results for : Cervical Strain
Merck Online Lab
Diagnosis Therapy Rehabilitation Imaging Clinical Laboratory
Differential expression of respiratory long-term facilitation among inbred rat strains.
Author(s): Baker-Herman, TL; Bavis, RW; Dahlberg, JM; Mitchell, AZ; Wilkerson, JE; Golder, FJ; Macfarlane, PM; Watters, JJ; Behan, M; Mitchell, GS
Journal: Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2011 Mar 31; Vol. 170, Issue 3; Page(s) 260-7
[Medline ID - 20036763]

We tested the hypotheses that: (1) long-term facilitation (LTF) following acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) varies among three inbred rat strains: Fischer 344 (F344), Brown Norway (BN) and Lewis rats and (2) ventral cervical spinal levels of genes important for phrenic LTF (pLTF) vary in association with pLTF magnitude. Lewis and F344, but not BN rats exhibited significant increases in phrenic and hypoglossal burst amplitude 60min post-AIH that were significantly greater than control experiments without AIH, indicating strain differences in phrenic (98%, 56% and 20%, respectively) and hypoglossal LTF (66%, 77% and 5%, respectively). Ventral spinal 5-HT(2A) receptor mRNA and protein levels were higher in F344 and Lewis versus BN, suggesting that higher 5-HT(2A) receptor levels are associated with greater pLTF. More complex relationships were found for 5-HT(7), BDNF and TrkB mRNA. BN had higher 5-HT(7) and TrkB mRNA versus F344; BN and Lewis had higher BDNF mRNA levels versus F344. Genetic variations in serotonergic function may underlie strain differences in AIH-induced pLTF.

['Cases against KiSS': a diagnostic algorithm for children with torticollis]
Author(s): Happle, C; Wetzke, M; Hermann, EJ; Krauss, JK; Hartmann, H; L; ücke, T
Journal: Klin Padiatr 2010 Mar 17; Vol. 221, Issue 7; Page(s) 430-5
[Medline ID - 20013566]

In 1991, Biedermann coined the term "kinetic imbalance due to suboccipital strain" ("KiSS-syndrome"). He assumed a functional abnormality of the suboccipital-high cervical spine, resulting in positional preference of the infant;s head. A broad spectrum of symptoms and complaints have been attributed to "KiSS-Syndrome". Patients are advised to undergo manual therapy, with pressure applied locally in order to readjust the cervical spine. Life threatening side-effects have been published repeatedly. We present two infants with brain tumours who developed torticollis and further neurological findings such as ataxia and reflex differences. In both cases, symptoms caused by the tumour were interpreted as "KiSS-syndrome", and appropriate diagnostics and therapy were delayed for months. There is no scientific evidence for the actual existence of "KiSS-syndrome" as a clinical entity or for the positive effects of manual therapy. Approximately 12% of al l infants < 12 months show a positional preference of the head, about 8% present with body asymmetry. Whereas most cases are benign, there is a long list of serious differential diagnoses for torticollis in infants. We give an updated review of the literature regarding "KiSS-Syndrome" and discuss the differential diagnostics in infants with torticollis.

Skin distraction at select landmarks on the spine midline in the upright and fully flexed postures.
Author(s): Moga, PJ
Journal: J Bodyw Mov Ther 2010 Feb 27; Vol. 14, Issue 1; Page(s) 13-8
[Medline ID - 20006284]

BACKGROUND: This study was aimed at quantifying superoinferior and mediolateral skin distraction over the spine's midline for the purpose of designing a unique surface marker for use in a study originally proposed by Wojtys and Ashton-Miller. It was also aimed at testing the null hypotheses H(01): There is no difference in the amount of skin distraction between hamstring normal and hamstring tight subjects and H(02): There are no age or gender differences of skin distraction. METHODS: Nine male and twelve female volunteers served as the convenience subjects for this IRB-approved study. Eight subjects were classified as hamstring "tight" (short) using the Finger-to-Floor Reach Test. Skin distraction was measured at five spine midline landmarks palpated on the subjects' bared backs: T1, T10, L3, S1, and the posterior-superior iliac spine (PSIS). A pattern of four dots was placed at each landmark using a rectangular template and non-toxic, water-soluble ink. Measurements were taken between superoinferior and mediolateral pairs of template points with subjects in both upright ("initial") and fully flexed ("final") postures. Between-measurement differences were then calculated, expressed as percent strain, and pooled for mean percent strain values. Repeated measures produced a maximum strain error of about 1.7%. RESULTS: With the exception of the skin over the T10 landmark, distraction in the superoinferior direction was greater than that in the mediolateral direction. There were no significant differences in skin distraction between age or gender groups. However, hamstring short males had significantly smaller superoinferior skin distraction at L3 than their hamstring normal counterparts [35% (+/-5.2) vs. 46% (+/-4.6), p=0.049), while hamstring short females had a smaller mean mediolateral distraction at the same level that approached significance [2.5% (+/-2.5) vs. 7.6% (+/-5.4), p=0.080). At this landmark, there was a moderately strong, inverse correlation (r=-0.720) between mediolateral percent strain and reach distance in hamstring tight subjects. CONCLUSION: In general, superoinferior percent strain increased and mediolateral percent strain decreased from thoracic to sacral regions, likely reflecting the relative increase in spine segment motion from thoracic to lumbar region. The larger mean mediolateral distraction at the T10 level was probably the result of traction on the skin at that level by the dependence of appendicular structures in forward flexion. Finally, the negative value at the T1 landmark was probably the result of the cervical spine extension that occurred during flexion as the subjects lifted their heads to look up.

Carpal tunnel release in patients with negative neurophysiological examinations: clinical and surgical findings.
Author(s): Lama, M
Journal: Neurosurgery 2010 Mar 17; Vol. 65, Issue 4 Suppl; Page(s) A171-3
[Medline ID - 19927063]

OBJECTIVE: In 16% to 34% of patients with classic symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), neurophysiology is negative. Few studies have concentrated on patients with symptoms compatible with CTS with normal examinations. The purpose of our study was to examine the clinical and surgical characteristics of this subtype of CTS in order to clarify a correct approach toward these patients. METHODS: We studied a subpopulation of 25 patients (31 hands) with typical CTS symptoms despite normal neurophysiological examinations. All of the patients were initially treated with conservative therapy, and patients with work-related symptoms were advised to change their duties. In patients with persistent symptoms, wrist ultrasound and radiographic and blood examinations with rheumatic screenings were performed. Cervical magnetic resonance imaging was performed in some cases to exclude cervical radiculopathy. Other pathologies were found in 5 cases. Nine patients improved with nonsurgical therapy. Six months later, electric examinations were repeated and 3 patients with a confirmed median nerve injury underwent surgery. Eight patients with negative examinations underwent surgery (10 hands). All patients were advised of the possibility of incomplete pain remission after surgery. RESULTS: All patients improved after surgery. Median nerve injury was confirmed by operative findings according to Tuncali grading. CONCLUSION: A combination of clinical findings and instrumental procedures is required when selecting patients for successful surgery.

A biomimetic artificial intervertebral disc system composed of a cubic three-dimensional fabric.
Author(s): Shikinami, Y; Kawabe, Y; Yasukawa, K; Tsuta, K; Kotani, Y; Abumi, K
Journal: Spine J 2010 May 4; Vol. 10, Issue 2; Page(s) 141-52
[Medline ID - 19944651]

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: In the quest for clinically functional artificial intervertebral discs (AIDs), multidisciplinary technologies have been employed. Existing solid mobile AIDs essentially consist of the superposition of solid plates and core materials; however, it is thought that an ideal surgical AID technology has not yet been developed. To overcome the limitation of these existing AIDs, we developed a unique flexible AID disc system on the basis of our original biomimetic concept. The AID is composed of a cubic three-dimensional fabric (3DF) with a triaxial fiber alignment, which offers biomimetic long-term dynamic mechanical behavior along with durability. PURPOSE: This article substantiates the potential clinical use of the 3DF disc system that quite differs from existing ones. STUDY DESIGN: We designed the lumbar and cervical 3DF discs that improved the structural weaknesses caused by the collagenous fiber alignment of biological intervertebral disc. Bioresorbable hydroxyapatite particles were deposited on the surface layer of the 3DF disc to promote new bony ingrowth and to ensure secure binding at the interface of the contacting vertebral bodies. A stand-alone system was devised for surgical reliability in terms of both positioning and fixation, allowing tight press fitting with the vertebral bodies. Bioactive and bioresorbable pins were penetrated through the 3DF disc body and projected from the surface to allow ideal insertion and fixation to the disc space, preserving the precise position during dynamical movement. In vitro endurance of the 3DF disc was examined under long-term alternating stresses, and the in vivo animal tests were conducted in the intervertebral lumbar discs at L5-L6 excised from baboons and replaced with the lumbar 3DF disc. METHODS: The static mechanical endurance was assessed through a creep test. In vitro endurance of the 3DF disc under repetitive stresses including axial compressing, flexion-extension, torsional twisting, and lateral bending were applied to the 3DF disc for a long-term for up to 105 million stresses, which is roughly equivalent to exposure of natural biological movement for more than 50 years. In the animal test, eight baboons were euthanized 6 months postoperatively. To their extracted spines, six pure moments (flexion and extension, left and right lateral bending, and left and right torsion) were applied vertically to the superior end of the specimen and then values of range of motions (ROMs) were calculated. Histological analyses were conducted on 12 reticuloendothelial and systemic tissues. RESULTS: The 3DF disc retained its biomimetic "J-shaped" stress-strain behavior without generating wear debris for up to 105 million stresses. A 130-N loading for the creep test decreased the height of 0.3mm during 80 to 1,000 hours. In the biomechanical test, ROM values of axial rotation and flexion-extension showed no significant difference from the intact excluding that of lateral bending because the location of each pin to stand alone certainly controlled the bending behavior only. The histological analysis indicated no significant pathologic changes induced by the 3DF disc. CONCLUSIONS: The 3DF disc system is clinically suitable for human disc replacement arthroplasty based on the findings of long-term durability with dynamic motion in vitro and effective animal tests in vivo. This system surely overcomes the limitations of existing solid AIDs, and the clinical potential of the biomimetic 3DF discs has been verified. This new biomaterial technology delivers most of the functions and characteristics required by a clinically available AID if applied correctly by surgeons.

Cervical sprain/strain definition.
Author(s): White, K; Hudgins, TH; Alleva, JT
Journal: Dis Mon 2009 Dec 16; Vol. 55, Issue 12; Page(s) 724-8
[Medline ID - 19917322]

ABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLE

Pseudorabies virus infection alters neuronal activity and connectivity in vitro.
Author(s): McCarthy, KM; Tank, DW; Enquist, LW
Journal: PLoS Pathog 2010 Feb 6; Vol. 5, Issue 10; Page(s) e1000640
[Medline ID - 19876391]

Alpha-herpesviruses, including human herpes simplex virus 1 & 2, varicella zoster virus and the swine pseudorabies virus (PRV), infect the peripheral nervous system of their hosts. Symptoms of infection often include itching, numbness, or pain indicative of altered neurological function. To determine if there is an in vitro electrophysiological correlate to these characteristic in vivo symptoms, we infected cultured rat sympathetic neurons with well-characterized strains of PRV known to produce virulent or attenuated symptoms in animals. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were made at various times after infection. By 8 hours of infection with virulent PRV, action potential (AP) firing rates increased substantially and were accompanied by hyperpolarized resting membrane potentials and spikelet-like events. Coincident with the increase in AP firing rate, adjacent neurons exhibited coupled firing events, first with AP-spikelets and later with near identical resting membrane potentials and AP firing. Small fusion pores between adjacent cell bodies formed early after infection as demonstrated by transfer of the low molecular weight dye, Lucifer Yellow. Later, larger pores formed as demonstrated by transfer of high molecular weight Texas red-dextran conjugates between infected cells. Further evidence for viral-induced fusion pores was obtained by infecting neurons with a viral mutant defective for glycoprotein B, a component of the viral membrane fusion complex. These infected neurons were essentially identical to mock infected neurons: no increased AP firing, no spikelet-like events, and no electrical or dye transfer. Infection with PRV Bartha, an attenuated circuit-tracing strain delayed, but did not eliminate the increased neuronal activity and coupling events. We suggest that formation of fusion pores between infected neurons results in electrical coupling and elevated firing rates, and that these processes may contribute to the altered neural function seen in PRV-infected animals.

Unilateral ossified ligamentum flavum in the high cervical spine causing myelopathy.
Author(s): Singhal, U; Jain, M; Jaiswal, AK; Behari, S
Journal: Indian J Orthop 2009 Oct 20; Vol. 43, Issue 3; Page(s) 305-8
[Medline ID - 19838355]

High cervical ossified ligamentum flavum (OLF) is rare and may cause progressive quadriparesis and respiratory failure. Our two patients had unilateral OLF between C1 and C4 levels. MR showed a unilateral, triangular bony excrescence with low signal and a central, intermediate or high signal on all pulse sequences due to bone marrow within. There was Type I thecal compression (partial deficit of contrast media ring). The first patient had a linear and nodular OLF with calcification within tectorial membrane, C2-3 fusion and unilateral C2-facetal hypertrophy; and the second patient, a lateral, linear OLF with loss of lordosis and C3-6 spondylotic changes. A decompressive laminectomy using "posterior floating and enbloc resection" brought significant relief in myelopathy. Histopathology showed mature bony trabeculae, bone marrow and ligament tissue. The coexisting mobile cervical vertebral segment above and congenitally fused or spondylotic rigid segment below the level of LF may have led to abnormal strain patterns within resulting in its unilateral ossification. In dealing with cervical OLF, carefully preserving facets during laminectomy or laminoplasty helps in maintaining normal cervical spinal curvature.

Medical and psychosocial diagnoses in women with a history of intimate partner violence.
Author(s): Bonomi, AE; Anderson, ML; Reid, RJ; Rivara, FP; Carrell, D; Thompson, RS
Journal: Arch Intern Med 2009 Nov 5; Vol. 169, Issue 18; Page(s) 1692-7
[Medline ID - 19822826]

BACKGROUND: We characterized the relative risk of a wide range of diagnoses in women with a history of intimate partner violence (IPV) compared with never-abused women. METHODS: The sample comprised 3568 English-speaking women who were randomly sampled from a large US health plan and who agreed to participate in a telephone survey to assess past-year IPV history using questions from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (physical, sexual, and psychological abuse) and the Women's Experience with Battering Scale. Medical and psychosocial diagnoses in the past year were determined using automated data from health plan records. We estimated the relative risk of receiving diagnoses for women with a past-year IPV history compared with women with no IPV history. RESULTS: In age-adjusted models, compared with never-abused women, abused women had consistently significantly increased relative risks of these disorders: psychosocial/mental (substance use, 5.89; family and social problems, 4.96; depression, 3.26; anxiety/neuroses, 2.73; tobacco use, 2.31); musculoskeletal (degenerative joint disease, 1.71; low back pain, 1.61; trauma-related joint disorders, 1.59; cervical pain, 1.54; acute sprains and strains, 1.35); and female reproductive (menstrual disorders, 1.84; vaginitis/vulvitis/cervicitis, 1.56). Abused women had a more than 3-fold increased risk of being diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease (3.15) and a 2-fold increased risk of lacerations (2.17) as well as increased risk of acute respiratory tract infection (1.33), gastroesophageal reflux disease (1.76), chest pain (1.53), abdominal pain (1.48), urinary tract infections (1.79), headaches (1.57), and contusions/abrasions (1.72). CONCLUSION: Past-year IPV history was strongly associated with a variety of medical and psychosocial conditions observed in clinical settings.

Sensitive diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in a farmed cervid herd with use of an MPB70 protein fluorescence polarization assay.
Author(s): Surujballi, O; Lutze-Wallace, C; Turcotte, C; Savic, M; Stevenson, D; Romanowska, A; Monagle, W; Berlie-Surujballi, G; Tangorra, E
Journal: Can J Vet Res 2009 Dec 18; Vol. 73, Issue 3; Page(s) 161-6
[Medline ID - 15971679]

After histopathological examination of a lesion found in a herd member returned a diagnosis of mycobacteriosis, a farmed herd (n = 47) of elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) and red deer (C. elaphus elaphus) was investigated for bovine tuberculosis with a battery of antemortem and postmortem diagnostic tests. Every animal was tested with the mid-cervical tuberculin skin test; all 47 had negative results. All of the 16 adult animals and 15 of the 31 calves (approximately 2-years-old) were blood-tested with a lymphocyte stimulation test (LST) and a fluorescence polarization assay (FPA), which detects antibody to the MPB70 protein antigen. At necropsy of the 31 blood-tested animals, tissues were harvested for histopathological examination and culture of mycobacteria. Mycobacterium bovis was isolated from 16 of the 31 animals, and a scotochromogen was also isolated from 1 of the 16 whose tissues yielded M. bovis. Each of these 16 animals, 15 of which were calves, also received a histopathological diagnosis of mycobacteriosis. Other species of mycobacteria, including those belonging to the M. avium and M. terrae complexes, were isolated from an additional 7 animals. The FPA was scored "positive" or "suspect" for 16 animals, 13 (81%) of which were culture-positive for M. bovis. The other 3 animals that were culture-positive for M. bovis had negative FPA results. Of the 3 FPA-positive or FPA-suspect animals that were culture-negative, 2 were suspected to have mycobacteriosis on the basis of the histopathological examination. The 7 animals from which Mycobacterium species other than M. bovis were cultured were all FPA-negative. The only animal with positive LST results was also FPA-positive and culture-positive for M. bovis. The M. bovis isolates had an identical spoligotype pattern, with an octal code of 664073777777600. This is the first report of the isolation and identification of this strain type in Canada.
  Page 1 of 59  




 



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