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Search Results for : Knee Sprain
Merck Online Lab
Diagnosis Therapy Rehabilitation Imaging Clinical Laboratory
Musculoskeletal injuries among Malaysian badminton players.
Author(s): Shariff, AH; George, J; Ramlan, AA
Journal: Singapore Med J 2010 Feb 19; Vol. 50, Issue 11; Page(s) 1095-7
[Medline ID - 19960167]

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern of musculoskeletal injuries sustained by Malaysian badminton players. METHODS: This is a retrospective case notes review of all badminton players who attended the National Sports Institute (NSI) Clinic, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and were diagnosed with musculoskeletal injuries. RESULT: In a two and a half year period, from January 2005 to June 2007, 469 musculoskeletal injuries were diagnosed among badminton players at the NSI Clinic. The mean age of the players who attended the clinic was 19.2 (range 13-52) years. Approximately 60 percent of the injuries occurred in players younger than 20 years of age. The majority of injuries (91.5 percent) were categorised as mild overuse injury and mostly involved the knee. CONCLUSION: The majority of the injuries sustained by badminton players in this study were due to overuse, primarily in the knee. The majority of the injuries were diagnosed in younger players and occurred during training/practice sessions. There was no difference in terms of incidence and types of injuries between the genders.

Neuromuscular training for sports injury prevention: a systematic review.
Author(s): H; übscher, M; Zech, A; Pfeifer, K; H; änsel, F; Vogt, L; Banzer, W
Journal: Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010 May 27; Vol. 42, Issue 3; Page(s) 413-21
[Medline ID - 19952811]

PURPOSE: The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of proprioceptive/neuromuscular training in preventing sports injuries by using the best available evidence from methodologically well-conducted randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials without randomization. METHODS: Two independent researchers performed a literature search in various electronic databases and reference lists. The reviewers independently assessed trials for inclusion criteria and methodological quality and extracted the data. Focusing on studies of high methodological quality, relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to estimate treatment effects. RESULTS: From a total of 32 relevant studies, 7 methodologically we ll-conducted studies were considered for this review. Pooled analysis revealed that multi-intervention training was effective in reducing the risk of lower limb injuries (RR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.49-0.77, P < 0.01), acute knee injuries (RR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.28-0.76, P < 0.01), and ankle sprain injuries (RR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.31-0.79, P < 0.01). Balance training alone resulted in a significant risk reduction of ankle sprain injuries (RR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.46-0.9, P < 0.01) and a nonsignificant risk reduction for injuries overall (RR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.13-1.8, P = 0.28). Exercise interventions were more effective in athletes with a history of sports injury than in those without. CONCLUSION: On the basis of the results of seven high-quality studies, this review showed evidence for the effectiveness of proprioceptive/neuromuscular training in reducing the incidence of certain types of sports injuries among adolescent and young adult athletes during pivoting sports. Future research should focus on the conduct of comparative trials to identify the most appropriate and effective training components for preventing injuries in specific sports and populations.

Overuse injuries of the knee.
Author(s): O'Keeffe, SA; Hogan, BA; Eustace, SJ; Kavanagh, EC
Journal: Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2010 Jan 27; Vol. 17, Issue 4; Page(s) 725-39, vii
[Medline ID - 19887299]

Overuse injuries are a common cause of morbidity in athletes. They occur after repetitive microtrauma, abnormal joint alignment, and poor training technique without appropriate time to heal. Overuse injuries are frequent in the knee joint because of the numerous attachment sites for lower limb musculature and tendons surrounding the joint. MR imaging is regarded as the noninvasive technique of choice for detection of internal derangements of the knee. This article describes the characteristic findings on MR of the common overuse injuries in the knee, including patellar tendinopathy, iliotibial band syndrome, cartilage disorders, medial plica syndrome, and bursitis.

Injuries of football referees: a representative survey of Swiss referees officiating at all levels of play.
Author(s): Bizzini, M; Junge, A; Bahr, R; Dvorak, J
Journal: Scand J Med Sci Sports 2009 Nov 4
[Medline ID - 19883383]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency and characteristics of injury and musculo-skeletal complaints in Swiss football referees of all levels. A representative sample of 489 Swiss referees was interviewed regarding their socio-demographic characteristics, refereeing qualifications, time spent in training and in matches, history of injuries and musculo-skeletal complaints caused by training or refereeing, and other medical problems. A total of 110 referees (22.5%) reported having suffered at least one injury related to officiating, and 126 referees (25.8%) at least one refereeing-related musculo-skeletal complaint. Thigh strains and ankle sprains were the most frequent injuries, with the most frequent locations of complaints being the knee and lower back. The incidence of match injuries in the last 12 months was on average 2.06 per 1000 match hours; the incidence of training injuries was substantially lower (0.09 per 1000 training hours). The injury rates were similar for referees officiating at an adult level, but lower at a junior level. In comparison with elite football referees, the incidence of training injuries and the prevalence of musculo-skeletal complaints were lower in amateur referees. Nevertheless, preventive programs are indicated for referees at all levels, especially when considering the length of a referee's career.

Athlete's nodule.
Author(s): Uchiyama, M; Tsuboi, R; Mitsuhashi, Y
Journal: J Dermatol 2010 Jan 19; Vol. 36, Issue 11; Page(s) 608-11
[Medline ID - 19878395]

Three cases of athlete's nodule on the feet are reported. In case 1, a 30-year-old man, who had been an amateur football player, presented with nodules on the lateral side of the feet and on the right lateral malleolus with a duration of 1 year. In case 2, a 22-year-old man, who had participated in karate and track-and-field, presented with nodules on the lateral side of the feet and on the right lateral malleolus with a duration of 10 years. In case 3, a 25-year-old man, who had skied, presented with a nodule on the right lateral malleolus with a duration of 4 years. The biopsy specimens from the lesion demonstrated hyperkeratosis, acanthosis of the epidermis and thickness of the dermis. In 1991, Cohen et al. proposed the concept of athlete's nodule which indicated an acquired cutaneous nodule caused by chronic stimuli with sports. Histopathology of the athlete's nodule shows hypertrophy of the epidermis and dermis. To the best of our knowledge the term "athlete's nodule" has not been used in Japan, but it is a useful term to refer to the lesion induced by athletics or the use of sporting equipment.

Changes in active ankle dorsiflexion range of motion after acute inversion ankle sprain.
Author(s): Youdas, JW; McLean, TJ; Krause, DA; Hollman, JH
Journal: J Sport Rehabil 2010 Aug 27; Vol. 18, Issue 3; Page(s) 358-74
[Medline ID - 19827500]

CONTEXT: Posterior calf stretching is believed to improve active ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (AADFROM) after acute ankle-inversion sprain. OBJECTIVE: To describe AADFROM at baseline (postinjury) and at 2-wk time periods for 6 wk after acute inversion sprain. DESIGN: Randomized trial. SETTING: Sports clinic. PARTICIPANTS: 11 men and 11 women (age range 11-54 y) with acute inversion sprain. INTERVENTION: Standardized home exercise program for acute inversion sprain. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: AADFROM with the knee extended. RESULTS: Time main effect on AADFROM was significant (F3,57 = 108, P < .001). At baseline, mean active sagittal-plane motion of the ankle was 6 degrees of plantar flexion, whereas at 2, 4, and 6 wk AADFROM was 7 degrees, 11 degrees, and 11 degrees, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: AADFROM increased significantly from baseline to week 2 and from week 2 to week 4. Normal AADFROM was restored within 4 wk after acute inversion sprain.

The effect of Q angle on ankle sprain occurrence.
Author(s): Pefanis, N; Papaharalampous, X; Tsiganos, G; Papadakou, E; Baltopoulos, P
Journal: Foot Ankle Spec 2010 Jan 27; Vol. 2, Issue 1; Page(s) 22-6
[Medline ID - 19825746]

The intersegmental joint forces and the structures that must resist them (articular surfaces, ligaments, and musculature) are related through anatomical alignment of the joints and skeletal system. Ankle joint structure can affect or be affected by bony malformations of the surrounding areas, including the knee and hip. The aim of the current study is to examine the possible relationship between the quadriceps (Q) angle and other factors (anthropometric characteristics, medical history, and age) on the occurrence of ankle sprains, because its value, when assessed correctly, provides useful information for the anatomical alignment of the lower extremity. The study sample consisted of 45 high-level athletes, evenly distributed among 3 sports (basketball, soccer, and volleyball). Q angle measurements were made on radiographs. The study lasted for 2 years. A logistic regression was used to determine the importance of each factor on the probability in question. A significance level of P = .1 was used. The factors contributing more to an ankle sprain were a previous injury of the same type ( P < .01) followed by body mass index (BMI; P < .10) and age (P < .10). On the contrary, Q angle was proven to be statistically nonsignificant (P > .10). The results were valid even when the BMI variable was substituted by body inertia propensity, a derived variable. The Q angle remained statistically nonsignificant ( P > .10). The Q angle magnitude does not seem to be a decisive factor that could increase the probability of spraining an ankle. The most important factors that could affect the probability of sustaining an ankle sprain are the athlete's age, anthropometric characteristics, and prior injuries.

Biomechanical consequences of a tear of the posterior root of the medial meniscus. Surgical technique.
Author(s): Harner, CD; Mauro, CS; Lesniak, BP; Romanowski, JR
Journal: J Bone Joint Surg Am 2009 Nov 3; Vol. 91 Suppl 2; Page(s) 257-70
[Medline ID - 19805589]

BACKGROUND: Tears of the posterior root of the medial meniscus are becoming increasingly recognized. They can cause rapidly progressive arthritis, yet their biomechanical effects are not understood. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of posterior root tears of the medial meniscus and their repairs on tibiofemoral joint contact pressure and kinematics. METHODS: Nine fresh-frozen cadaver knees were used. An axial load of 1000 N was applied with a custom testing jig at each of four knee-f lexion angles: 0 degrees , 30 degrees , 60 degrees , and 90 degrees . The knees were otherwise unconstrained. Four conditions were tested: (1) intact, (2) a posterior root tear of the medial meniscus, (3) a repaired posterior root tear, and (4) a total medial meniscectomy. Fuji pressure-sensitive film was used to record the contact pressure and area for each testing condition. Kinematic data were obtained by using a robotic arm to record the position of the knees for each loading condition. Three-dimensional knee kinematics were analyzed with custom programs with use of previously described transformations. The measured variables were axial rotation, varus angulation, lateral translation, and anterior translation. RESULTS: In the medial compartment, a posterior root tear of the medial meniscus caused a 25% increase in peak contact pressure compared with that found in the intact condition (p < 0.001). Repair restored the peak contact pressure to normal. No difference was detected between the peak contact pressure after the total medial meniscectomy and that associated with the root tear. The peak contact pressure in the lateral compartment after the total medial meniscectomy was up to 13% greater than that for all other conditions (p = 0.026). Significant increases in external rotation and lateral tibial translation, compared with the values in the intact knee, were observed in association with the posterior root tear (2.98 degrees and 0.84 mm, respectively) and the meniscectomy (4.45 degrees and 0.80 mm, respectively), and these increases were corrected by the repair. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated significant changes in contact pressure and knee joint kinematics due to a posterior root tear of the medial meniscus. Root repair was successful in restoring joint biomechanics to within normal conditions.

Crural fascia and muscle origins related to medial tibial stress syndrome symptom location.
Author(s): Stickley, CD; Hetzler, RK; Kimura, IF; Lozanoff, S
Journal: Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010 Mar 26; Vol. 41, Issue 11; Page(s) 1991-6
[Medline ID - 19812520]

PURPOSE: Traction-induced injury, related to muscles of the superficial and deep posterior compartments, has been implicated as the cause of medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) with symptoms commonly occurring in the distal third of the posteromedial tibia. Standard anatomic texts do not identify this region as an attachment site for these structures. Research into the anatomical arrangement of these structures has been inconclusive. The deep crural fascia (DCF) has been implicated as a cause of traction-induced injury in MTSS but not fully researched. The purpose of this study was to define the tibial origins of the DCF and the muscles of the superficial and deep posterior compartments relative to MTSS-related pain commonly reported along the distal one half to one third of the diaphysis of the medial tibial border and to identify the prevalence of a soleal aponeurosis. METHODS: The tibial attachments of the DCF, the soleus, the flexor digitorum longus, and the tibialis posterior were quantified relative to the medial malleolus in sixteen cadaver specimens. RESULTS: Mean distal attachments to the medial tibial border were superior to the distal third of the tibia for the muscles of the posterior compartments, suggesting that the role of the soleus, the tibialis posterior, and the flexor digitorum longus in producing pain typically associated with MTSS may be limited. The DCF of all but three specimens attached along the entire length of the medial tibia investing the medial malleolus. CONCLUSION: Traction-induced injury theories involving the muscles of the superficial and deep posterior compartments are not supported by anatomical evidence in the present study. The tibial attachments of the DCF in this study support theories impli cating DCF involvement in creating traction-induced injury.

Below-knee cast and Aircast brace improved ankle function at 3 months in acute severe ankle sprain.
Author(s): Barnett, S
Journal: Evid Based Nurs 2009 Sep 26; Vol. 12, Issue 4; Page(s) 113
[Medline ID - 19217992]

ABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLE
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